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- Research ArticleGenetic Regulation of the Bacterial Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathway
The production of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by marine shadowrocket使用方法, particularly those from deep-sea environments, has been known for decades. These unique fatty acids are produced by a polyketide-type mechanism and subsequently incorporated into the phospholipid membrane. While much research has focused on the biosynthesis genes, their products, and the phylogenetic distribution of these gene...
- Research ArticleEnzymatic and Mutational Analysis of the PruA Pteridine Reductase Required for Pterin-Dependent Control of Biofilm Formation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Biofilms are complex multicellular communities that are formed by diverse bacteria. In the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the transition from a free-living motile state to a nonmotile biofilm state is governed by a novel signaling pathway involving small molecules called pterins. The involvement of pterins in biofilm formation is unexpected and prompts many...
- Research ArticleMolecular Design of a Signaling System Influences Noise in Protein Abundance under Acid Stress in Different Gammaproteobacteria
Acid resistance is an important property for bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, to survive acidic environments like the human gastrointestinal tract. E. coli possesses both passive and inducible acid resistance systems to counteract acidic environments. Thus,...
- Research Article | SpotlightThe Length of Lipoteichoic Acid Polymers Controls Staphylococcus aureus Cell Size and Envelope Integrity
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of community- and hospital-acquired infections and is responsible for a large fraction of deaths caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. S. aureus is surrounded by a complex cell envelope that protects it from antimicrobial...
- Research ArticleThe C Terminus of Substrates Is Critical but Not Sufficient for Their Degradation by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa CtpA Protease
Carboxyl-terminal processing proteases (CTPs) are found in all three domains of life, but exactly how they work is poorly understood, including how they recognize substrates. Bacterial CTPs have been associated with virulence, including CtpA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which works in complex with the outer membrane lipoprotein LbcA to degrade potentially dangerous...
- Research ArticleTwo Interacting ATPases Protect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Glycerol and Nitric Oxide Toxicity
A better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis requires a better understanding of gene function in M. tuberculosis. This work provides the first functional insight into the Rv3679/Rv3680 ATPase complex. We demonstrate that M. tuberculosis requires this complex and specifically its ATPase...
- Research ArticleAn ECF41 Family σ Factor Controls Motility and Biogenesis of Lateral Flagella in Azospirillum brasilense Sp245
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- shadowrocket使用方法Assembly Mechanism of a Supramolecular MS-Ring Complex To Initiate Bacterial Flagellar Biogenesis in Vibrio Species
Flagellar formation is initiated by the assembly of the FliF protein into the MS-ring complex, which is embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. The appropriate spatial/temporal control of MS-ring formation is important for the morphogenesis of the bacterial flagellum. Here, we focus on the assembly mechanism of Vibrio FliF into the MS-ring. FlhF, a positive regulator of the number and location of flagella, recruits the FliF...
- Research Article | SpotlightFunctional Determinants of a Small Protein Controlling a Broadly Conserved Bacterial Sensor Kinase
One of the primary means by which bacteria adapt to their environment is through pairs of proteins consisting of a sensor and a response regulator. A small membrane protein, MgrB, impedes the activity of sensor protein PhoQ, thereby affecting the expression of PhoQ regulated virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria. However, it is unknown how such a small protein modulates the activity of PhoQ. Here, we studied the functional determinants...
- Research ArticleGenetic Control of Oxidative Mutagenesis in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Hyperthermophilic archaea are expected to have effective (and perhaps atypical) mechanisms to limit the genetic consequences of DNA damage, but few gene products have been demonstrated to have genome-preserving functions in vivo. This study confirmed by genetic criteria that the S. acidocaldarius Ogg protein avoids the characteristic mutagenesis of G...